Method, apparatus and interface for trading multiple tradeable objects

ABSTRACT

An interface for trading multiple tradeable objects includes a price axis or scale. A first indication of quantities represented in a market for a first tradeable object is displayed in association with the price axis or scale. A second indication of quantities represented in the market for a second tradeable object is displayed in association with the price axis or scale. The first tradeable object may be different than the second tradeable object. Alternatively, the first tradeable object and the second tradeable object may be the same, but the indications of quantity may be provided from different sources, such as different exchanges.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/659,050 filed Oct. 24, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,793,181,entitled “Method, Apparatus and Interface for Trading Multiple TradeableObjects,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/190,954 filed Jul. 26, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,321,331, entitled“Method, Apparatus and Interface for Trading Multiple TradeableObjects,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/580,905 filed Oct. 16, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,015,100, entitled“Method, Apparatus and Interface for Trading Multiple TradeableObjects,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/418,475, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,627,519, filed May 3, 2006, entitled“Method, Apparatus and Interface for Trading Multiple TradeableObjects,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/293,585, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,418,422, filed Nov. 13, 2002, entitled“Method, Apparatus and Interface for Trading Multiple TradeableObjects,” the contents of all of which are fully incorporated byreference herein for all purposes. This application is also related toU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/417,886, now U.S. Pat. No.7,512,561, filed May 3, 2006, the contents of which are fullyincorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/278,193, filed May 15, 2014, entitled “Trading Interface forFacilitating of Multiple Tradeable Objects in an Electronic TradingEnvironment,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/659,055, now U.S. Pat.No. 8,768,822, filed Oct. 24, 2012, entitled “Trading Interface forFacilitating of Multiple Tradeable Objects in an Electronic TradingEnvironment,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/474,864, now U.S. Pat.No. 8,332,304, filed May 20, 2009, entitled “Trading Interface forFacilitating of Multiple Tradeable Objects in an Electronic TradingEnvironment,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/954,681, now U.S.Pat. No. 7,571,134, filed Sep. 30, 2004, entitled “Trading Interface forFacilitating of Multiple Tradeable Objects in an Electronic TradingEnvironment”. This application is also related to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/148,984, filed Jan. 7, 2014, entitled “Systemand Method for Facilitating Trading of Multiple Tradeable Objects in anElectronic Trading Environment,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/825,677, filed Jun. 29, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,655,766, entitled“System and Method for Facilitating Trading of Multiple TradeableObjects in an Electronic Trading Environment,” and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/349,015, filed Jan. 6, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No.7,774,267, entitled “System and Method for Facilitating Trading ofMultiple Tradeable Objects in an Electronic Trading Environment,” andU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/954,682, now U.S. Pat. No.7,523,064, filed Sep. 30, 2004, entitled “System and Method forFacilitating Trading of Multiple Tradeable Objects in an ElectronicTrading Environment.”

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the electronic trading. Morespecifically, it relates to a method, apparatus and interface fortrading multiple tradeable objects.

BACKGROUND

Trading methods have evolved from a manually intensive process to atechnology enabled, electronic platform. Advances in technology arehaving an increasingly large and broad impact on trading and the way inwhich exchanges conduct business. What was previously seen as just asupplement to the traditional pit trading, electronic trading platformscontinue to increase in importance and popularity. The advent ofelectronic trading has meant that a customer can be in virtually directcontact with the market, from practically anywhere in the world,performing near real-time transactions, and without the need to makepersonal contact with a broker. Electronic trading systems are alsoconvenient for floor brokers on the floor at an exchange for receivingorders electronically.

Many exchanges throughout the world now support electronic tradingsystems. Electronic trading has made it easier for a larger number ofpeople with many different trading strategies to participate in themarket at any given time. The increase in the number of potentialtraders has led to, among other things, a more competitive market,greater liquidity, and rapidly changing prices. In the electronictrading environment, speed is of great importance with respect to boththe receipt of market data from the exchanges and the delivery oftransactions to the exchanges. The risk of loss can be substantiallyincreased if information flowing in either direction is out of date.

Exchanges that implement electronic trading are generally based on oneor more centralized computers (host), one or more networks, and theexchange participants' computers (client). In general, the host formsthe electronic heart of the fully computerized electronic tradingsystem. The host's operations typically cover order-matching,maintaining order books and positions, price information, and managingand updating the database for the online trading day as well as nightlybatch runs. The host is also typically equipped with external interfacesthat maintain online contact to quote vendors and/or other priceinformation systems.

Typically, traders can link to the host via a client through one or morenetworks, where a network may include a direct data line between thehost and the client, or where a network may include other common networkcomponents such as high-speed servers, routers, and gateways, and so on.For example, a high-speed data line may be used to establish directconnections between the client and the host. In another example, theInternet may be used to establish a connection between the client andthe host. There are many different types of networks known in the artthat may link a trader to the host.

Regardless of the way in which a connection is established, a clientdevice allows a trader to participate in the market. The clientstypically use a software trading application to produce interactivetrading screens. The trading screens enable the traders to enter andexecute orders, obtain market quotes, and monitor positions whileimplementing various trading strategies including those previously usedon the floor of an exchange. Such strategies incorporated into anelectronic marketplace can improve the speed, accuracy, and ultimatelythe profitability of trading electronically.

For certain trading strategies, traders may be interested in monitoringand participating in markets for two or more tradeable objects. Knowntrading applications have limited capabilities to address this interest.For example, market information for one tradeable object may bedisplayed in a trading interface in a first trading window andinformation on a second tradeable object may be displayed in a secondtrading window. Another available alternative provides limited marketinformation about a first tradeable object in one row of a table andmarket information about a second tradeable object in a different row ofthe table. A disadvantage of these known trading applications is thatthe trader who is interested in both tradeable objects must take thetime to try to discern the current relationships between the tradeableobjects. Order entry is also complicated by the multiple windows and/ormultiple rows of market information.

It would therefore be desirable to have an improved apparatus, methodand interface for trading multiple tradeable objects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The presently preferred embodiments are described herein with referenceto the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of network devices receiving data fromexchanges and relaying the data to a client device;

FIG. 2 shows a graphical user interface for trading multiple tradeableobjects in accordance with a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the graphical user interface ofFIG. 2 in which market information is consolidated;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a process to route orders entered using thegraphical user interface of FIG. 3; and

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a preferred method for trading two or moretradeable objects using the graphical user interface of FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

1. General Overview of an Electronic Network

FIG. 1 shows an example host exchange, gateway, and client device thatimplements the trading of multiple tradeable objects in accordance witha preferred embodiment. In a preferred embodiment, the system generallyincludes a host exchange 100, a gateway 102, and a client device 104.Preferably, the system can support up to X host exchanges, Y gateways102, and Z client devices (although X host exchanges, Y gateways, and Zclient devices are not shown for sake of clarity), where X, Y, and Zrepresent any number. In an illustrative embodiment, X and Y may be thesame number such that there is a one-to-one correspondence between hostexchanges 100 and gateways 102, but such numerical correspondence is notrequired.

Examples of host exchanges 100 include an Electronic CommunicationNetwork (ECN) like Island, which is a well-known electronic tradingfacility. Another host exchange 100 might be, for example, the ChicagoMercantile Exchange (CME), the Xetra (a German stock exchange), or theEuropean derivatives market (Eurex). The preferred embodiments are notlimited, however, to any particular exchange, and it should beunderstood that any entity that provides electronic market information,accepts electronic orders, and/or provides order status information mayfunction as the host exchange. As known in the art, the gateway 102 isone or more computers (or program(s)) running software that receivesinformation from the host exchange in the form of price information,order information, and fill information. Also known in the art, theclient device 104 is a computer or equivalent device that receives oneor more data feeds from the gateway 102. The host exchanges 100,gateways 102, and client device 104 are explained below in theirrespective sections.

It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are not limitedto any particular network architecture, but rather may be applied withutility on any electronic device in any network that can be used forelectronic trading. Furthermore, the preferred embodiments are notlimited to a completely electronic trading environment where orders aresent to an electronic matching engine. For example, the invention couldbe utilized with an electronic trading application that sends orderselectronically to a terminal where a person (e.g., a floor broker)executes those orders in a traditional open outcry trading floor.

Host Exchange

Each different host exchange 100 typically provides different types ofinformation, and relays this information, or some portion thereof,collectively referred to as a data feed, over a network to marketparticipants or traders. A data feed from one exchange may containdifferent information, e.g. representing different tradeable objects,than another data feed from a second exchange. Different host exchangesmay also provide different amounts of information, e.g. market depthaway from the inside market, and may provide information in differentformats. However, it is not necessary in the preferred embodiments thatthe data feeds from exchanges either include the same data or differentdata.

As used herein, the term “tradeable objects” refers simply to anythingthat can be traded with a quantity and/or price. It includes, but is notlimited to, all types of tradeable objects such as financial tradeableobjects, which can include, for example, stocks, options, bonds,futures, currency, and warrants, as well as funds, derivatives andcollections of the foregoing, and all types of commodities, such asgrains, energy, and metals. The tradeable object may be “real,” such asproducts that are listed by an exchange for trading, or “synthetic,”such as a combination of real products that is created by the user.

In general, a data feed 106 may include information representing pricesand quantities for a tradeable object. For example, the data feed 106could include data relating to the “inside market” and/or data relatingto “market depth.” The inside market is the highest bid price and thelowest ask price available in the market. Data feeds 106 from someexchanges also include data corresponding to quantities available at theinside market prices and at other prices—this may be called the marketdepth. Market depth may be represented by the available order book,including all the current bid and ask quantities and their associatedprices, or any portion thereof. In other words, market depth is at leasta portion of the available pending bid and ask quantities entered at aparticular price. The data feed 106 can contain other types of marketinformation, such as the last traded price (LTP), the last tradedquantity (LTQ), total traded quantity (TTQ), order information, and/orfill information. The information in a data feed 106, whether itcontains the inside market and/or market depth or more marketinformation, is generally categorized into three groups referred to asprice, order, and fill information.

In one embodiment, each host exchange 100 sends a data feed 106 to agateway 102. The data feed 106 preferably carries all of the informationthat the exchange 100 provides, such as price, order, and fillinformation, and alternatively may include more information. The hostexchange 100 may send its data feed 106 to the gateway 102 over adedicated line 108, which is a communication channel that permanentlyconnects the exchange to the gateway. Dedicated lines may be private orleased lines such as T1 lines, which are known by those skilled in theart. Or alternatively, the host may send its data feed to the gatewayover a switched network such as a wide area network (WAN), Internet,PSTN, legacy networks that utilize X.25 protocol or also IBM LU6.2 SNAprotocol, satellite broadcast systems that use leased satellite channelsto broadcast price data, or a packet switched network, such as ATM orFrame relay, which are connection methods known by those skilled in theart. As noted above, the preferred embodiments are not limited to anyparticular network architecture. The foregoing examples are providedmerely to illustrate the wide variety of networks to which the preferredembodiments may be applied.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 1, if there were five exchanges,then each exchange would have a gateway, and then according to thisexample there would be five gateways (i.e., X=Y). When a trader wants toparticipate in the market at two of the five exchanges, he or she maysubscribe only to the data feeds that correspond to those two exchanges.If the trader decides to drop one of the exchanges or add anotherexchange, he or she may preferably do so at any time.

In another embodiment, each host exchange sends a data feed to a singlegateway. For example, if there were five exchanges, then each exchangewould send its data to the single gateway. Then, when a trader wants toparticipate at two of the five exchanges, he or she can simply subscribeto the data feeds that correspond to those two exchanges at the gateway.Also, if the trader decides to drop one of the exchanges or add anotherexchange, he or she may do so at any time. Of course, a hybrid system,in which multiple exchanges share a single gateway while other exchangesutilize distinct gateways, may alternatively be used.

In yet another embodiment, some exchanges may have multiple gateways, sothat if there were five exchanges, then there might be three gatewayssupporting each of them; for fifteen gateways. This embodiment allowsfor a load balancing, among other benefits, of the gateways'workstations.

The preferred embodiments are not limited to any particular mathematicalrelationship between the number of host exchanges and the number ofgateways. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any of theforegoing examples, as well as combinations of these examples orentirely different architectures, may alternatively be used.

Gateway

As mentioned earlier, the gateway 102 is a computer (or program) thatreceives information from the host exchange. As used herein, a computerincludes any device with memory and a processor capable of processinginformation to produce a desired result. Thus, a gateway can be acomputer of any size such as a server, workstation, personal computer,or laptop, but generally, the gateway is any computer device that hasthe processing capability to perform the function described herein.Moreover, it should be understood that the functions of the gatewaycould be moved to the exchange and/or the client device to reduce oreliminate the need for a gateway.

In one embodiment, the gateway 102 receives a data feed 106 from anexchange 100. Preferably, the gateway 102 receives the data feed 106 andconverts it to a form compatible with the protocols used by the clientdevice 104 using conversion techniques known in the art. As known bythose skilled in the art, the gateway 102 may have one or more serversto support the data feeds, such as a price server 114 for processingprice information, an order server 116 for processing order information,and a fill server 118 for processing fill information. Generally, aserver is a computer or program that responds to commands from a clientin the form of subscriptions. The “servers” here may run on the samemachine or may run on independent machines. A trader at a client devicecan subscribe to price information, order information, and fillinformation for that exchange. Once a client device has subscribed tothe information, the gateway 102 publishes the information to the clientdevice 104.

Client Device

As mentioned before, the client device 104 may be a computer orequivalent device, such as a workstation, that allows a trader toparticipate in the market hosted at the exchange. The client device 104is not limited to any particular hardware and/or software, but rathermay be any device that is capable of communicating with an exchange 100.For example, the client device 104 may be a personal computer, terminal,workstation, personal digital assistant (“PDA”), smart phone, or anyother wired or wireless communication device.

In general, the client device uses software that creates specializedinteractive trading screens on a terminal associated with the clientdevice. The trading screens enable traders to enter and execute orders,obtain market quotes, and monitor positions. The range and quality offeatures available to the trader on his or her screens varies accordingto the specific software application being run. In addition to or inplace of the interactive trading screens, the client device may runautomated non-interactive types of trading applications.

A commercially available trading application that allows a user to tradein a system like that shown in FIG. 1 is X_TRADER® from TradingTechnologies International, Inc. of Chicago, Ill. X_TRADER® alsoprovides an electronic trading interface, referred to as MD Trader™, inwhich working orders and/or bid and ask quantities are displayed inassociation with a static price axis. The preferred embodiments,however, are not limited to any particular trading application thatperforms the translation, storage and/or display functions. Portions ofthe X_TRADER® and the MD Trader™-style display are described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/590,692, entitled “Click Based TradingWith Intuitive Grid Display of Market Depth,” filed on Jun. 9, 2000, andU.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/589,751, entitled “Click BasedTrading With Market Depth Display,” filed on Jun. 9, 2000, the contentsof both of which are incorporated by reference herein. Moreover, thetrading application may implement tools for trading tradeable objectsthat are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/125,894 filedon Apr. 19, 2002, entitled “Trading Tools for Electronic Trading,” thecontents of which are incorporated by reference.

2. Trading Multiple Tradeable Objects

Using an electronic network like that described above, any client device104 is capable of receiving data feeds relating to multiple tradeableobjects from one or more host exchanges 100, so that a trader mayparticipate in more than one market. For example, using the MDTrader™-style display of the X_TRADER® trading application, a trader mayopen a separate MD Trader™-style display window for each tradeableobject in which the trader is interested, subject to the number ofwindows that can be displayed on the display screen(s) or monitor(s) ofthe trader's client device 104. In accordance with a preferredembodiment, however, a single trading window for multiple tradeableobjects is provided, allowing the trader to visualize the relationshipsamong the multiple tradeable objects while participating in theircorresponding markets.

Trading two or more tradeable objects may be of interest to traders who,for example, are trading spreads, seeking arbitrage opportunities, orexecuting other trading strategies. In addition, some traders attempt tosimultaneously trade two or more tradeable objects that are identical,other than being offered at different exchanges, or related, such thatthere is a natural relationship in their price movements. In accordancewith a preferred embodiment, therefore, a multiple tradeable objectgraphical user interface is provided to assimilate two or morepresentations of market information and/or order entry into one screenfor trading the multiple tradeable objects.

Multiple Tradeable Object Graphical User Interface

FIG. 2 shows a graphical user interface 200 for trading multipletradeable objects in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Thegraphical user interface 200 includes a price axis 202, which, in thisexample, is presented as a vertical column. Other orientations mayalternatively be used, such as horizontal or at an angle to create athree-dimensional effect for example. The price axis 202 (which can bedisplayed or not displayed) may be referred to herein as being “static,”which means that information relating to the tradeable objects, such asbid and ask quantities or working orders are displayed dynamicallyrelative to the price axis so that the indicators associated with theinside market can move along the price axis when the market changes. Itshould be understood that, in this context, static does not meanimmovable on the display, but rather means fixed in relation. Forexample, the static price axis 202 may be moved or repositioned on thedisplay as a result of a command from a user (such as a recentering orrepositioning command), but the prices on the axis remain fixed inrelation to each other, subject to consolidation or expansion asdescribed below.

The prices may be arranged along the price axis 202 in predeterminedsteps or increments. The smallest increment on the price axis 202 isgenerally the “tick size,” which may depend on the particular tradeableobject and is typically set by the host exchange as the smallestincrement on which the tradeable object may trade. Although the axisdescribed herein is a “price” axis, those skilled in the art willrecognize that the axis may alternatively be a scale of anycharacteristic that is capable of representing value for the tradeableobjects. For example, the axis may represent yield or volatility ratherthan price.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the graphical user interface 200supports the trading of two tradeable objects. A first tradeable objectindicator 204 displays an indicator that represents the first tradeableobject, and a second tradeable object indicator 206 displays anindicator that represents the second tradeable object. The indicatorsmay be the registered trading (or ticker) symbols associated with thetradeable objects, but, in an alternative preferred embodiment, theindicator may be determined by the trader or an administrator (such aswhere multiple client devices are used by an entity). As a furtheralternative, the trading application may associate indicators withtradeable objects. An example indicator is color. In cases where thesame product is traded at more than one host exchange, each product/hostexchange combination may be treated as a different tradeable object witha unique indicator. An advantage of this tradeable object definition isexplained below with reference to an illustrative application for theinterface. In yet another alternative embodiment, the graphical userinterface 200 may be modified to accommodate more than two tradeableobjects, as described below.

For each tradeable object, the graphical user interface 200 preferablypresents at least a portion of the order book information distributed bythe host exchange. Thus, the graphical user interface 200 includes afirst tradeable object bid quantity region 208 and a first tradeableobject ask quantity region 210. The graphical user interface 200 alsoincludes a second tradeable object bid quantity region 214 and a secondtradeable object ask quantity region 216. The regions 208, 210, 214 and216 collectively illustrate at least a portion of the market depth forthe tradeable objects of interest, in this example by displaying pendingorder quantities in association with the price axis 202. Alternatively,the graphical user interface 200 could just display indicatorsassociated with the inside market price levels of the tradeable objects.

For the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the regions 208, 210, 214 and 216are vertical columns arranged in nested pairs about the price axis 202,with bid quantities being displayed on one side of the price axis 202and ask quantities being displayed on the other side of the price axis202. The price axis 202 is also illustrated as a vertical column. Ofcourse, the regions 208, 210, 214 and 216 and the price axis 202 mayalternatively be arranged as rows or in any other manner to illustratethe relationship between market depth and a price axis. In addition,although the nested pair arrangement of the market depth for multipletradeable objects is preferred, an alternative embodiment allows theuser to arrange the regions 208, 210, 214 and 216 in any desired orderin relation to the price axis 202. In this embodiment, the regions 208,210, 214 and 216 allow for the dynamic display of bid and ask quantitiesrelative to the static price axis 202.

The preferred embodiments are not limited to any particular arrangementof prices and quantities and, in particular, are not limited totwo-dimensional grid displays. Three-dimensional grid displays, andtwo-dimensional and three-dimensional graphical displays mayalternatively be used. Nor are the preferred embodiments limited to anyparticular format for displaying prices and/or quantities. For example,it is not necessary that the prices and/or quantities be displayednumerically. Rather, graphical representations may alternatively beused. It is also not necessary that the market information be displayedrelative to a static price axis.

In order to distinguish markets represented by the quantity regions 208,210, 214 and 216, the regions may be color coded. For example, theregions 208 and 210 may be displayed in a first color or shades of thefirst color, and, likewise, the regions 214 and 216 may be displayed ina second color or shades of a second color. Color may also be used toprovide additional information to the trader about the markets for themultiple tradeable objects. For example, color gradients may be used toillustrate which market has greater depth, shorter queues, or the lowestlatency. Other uses for color, which may be applied to the preferredembodiments, are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/125,894.

In order to facilitate the display of multiple tradeable objects, and inparticular the market depth of multiple tradeable objects in relation toa common price axis, the graphical user interface 200 may include afirst tradeable object offset indicator 220 and a second tradeableobject offset indicator 222. The offsets 220 and 222 are provided toskew, by the selected number of ticks or cells, the quantities displayedfor the respective tradeable object relative to the price axis 202.

Preferably, the offsets 220 and 222 may be set, selected and/or adjustedby the user. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, theparticular form of the offset is dependent upon the relationship betweenthe tradeable objects that are being displayed. As a result, the offsetmay take whatever form is necessary to display the multiple tradeableobjects in relation to a common, normalized scale. For example, theoffset may be a multiplier or divisor, an equation, or a fixed numberthat may be added to or subtracted from the disseminated price of atradeable object. The equation may include factors, based on dataavailable to the client device 104, in addition to the disseminatedprice. For example, the equation may perform a rounding function for thecase in which the multiple tradeable objects trade with different ticksizes. Alternatively, the user may choose an equation based on his orher perception of a mathematical relationship among the tradeableobjects. The use of offsets therefore provides a great deal offlexibility in normalizing tradeable objects in relation to a commonaxis.

It should be noted, however, that the use of offsets is optional and notnecessary for the preferred embodiments. For example, offsets are notrequired in cases where the multiple tradeable objects are the sameunderlying product at different host exchanges. In addition, althoughseparate offsets 220 and 222 are described, a single offset representingthe relative adjustment between the tradeable objects may alternativelybe used.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/590,692, entitled “Click BasedTrading With Intuitive Grid Display of Market Depth,” filed on Jun. 9,2000, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/971,087, entitled “ClickBased Trading With Market Depth Display,” filed on Jun. 9, 2000, thecontents of both of which are incorporated by reference herein, describeinterfaces that not only display market information in relation to aprice axis, but also allow a user to enter and track orders. A preferredembodiment of the present invention extends this order entry andtracking capability to multiple tradeable objects using a single tradingwindow.

As shown in FIG. 2, the graphical user interface 200 includes a firsttradeable object working quantity region 212 and a second tradeableobject working quantity region 218. Again, while both are illustrated ascolumns, it will be appreciated that, like those described above, theregions 212 and 218 may alternatively be presented in rows or in anyother manner to illustrate the relationship between the working ordersand a price axis. It should be noted that it is not necessary that therebe a separate working quantity region for each tradeable object. Forexample, a single working quantity region column may be used as analternative, where the working orders for the different tradeableobjects are distinguished, such as by the use of color, graphics, oradditional text. Nor is it necessary that the graphical user interface200 include order entry or tracking capabilities.

For the embodiment of FIG. 2, indicators associated with working ordersfor the first tradeable object preferably may be displayed in the firsttradeable object working quantity region 212 at a location thatcorresponds to the price on the price axis 202 at which the order ispending. Likewise, indicators associated with working orders for thesecond tradeable object may be displayed in the second tradeable objectworking quantity region 218. Preferably, a working order indicatordisplayed in the regions 212 and 218 includes information regardingpartial fills of working orders. In other words, the working orderregions 212 and 218 may display indicators that include an indication ofthe quantity in each working order that has been filled, as well as thequantity that remains to be filled. When a working order is completelyfilled, the indicator associated with that working order is preferablyno longer displayed in the working order region 212, 218.

In one embodiment, order parameters may be set directly from thegraphical user interface 200. Each tradeable object represented in themultiple tradeable object graphical user interface 200 preferably has anorder configuration area 230. In the embodiment shown, a distinct orderconfiguration area 230 is provided for each tradeable object. A singleorder configuration area 230 for multiple tradeable objects mayalternatively be used. The location of the order configuration area 230with respect to the graphical user interface 200 is not critical; it mayappear in any convenient location.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the order configuration area 230 of thegraphical user interface 200 preferably includes an order quantitykeypad 232, which the trader may use to select the quantity associatedwith subsequent orders, such as by clicking with a mouse or otherpointer on the appropriate number in the order quantity keypad 232. Theorder configuration area 230 may alternatively or in addition includecells for other order parameters, like conditions for execution (e.g.,all or none, time in effect, etc.). It may also include a market orderbutton to automatically submit a market order for a selected quantity ofthe tradeable object and delete buttons that if depressed cause all buyor sell orders to be deleted. The order configuration area 230 may alsoinclude a delete all button that if depressed causes all orders to bedeleted. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that additional orderparameters may be readily incorporated into the order configuration area230.

Preferably, the trader may also set order parameters using a drop downmenu or order parameter dialog window. In accordance with oneembodiment, order parameters that are set in this manner remain ineffect until changed by using either the order configuration area 230 orthe drop down menu/dialog window. The preferred embodiments are notlimited, however, to embodiments in which the trader may set orderparameters.

As described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/590,692 and U.S.patent application Ser. No. 09/971,087, limit orders may be submitted byclicking, using a mouse or other pointing device, within a region of thedisplay at the level of the desired price on the price axis. Preferably,the graphical user interface 200 operates in a like manner.Specifically, a trader may submit a limit order by clicking within theappropriate bid/ask quantity regions 208, 210, 214 and 216 in the cellor area associated with the desired price on the price axis 202. Thequantity associated with the limit order may be set in advance usingeither the order quantity keypad 232 or a drop down menu or dialogwindow. Again, however, the preferred embodiments are not limited toembodiments in which mouse clicks are utilized for order submission. Infact, the preferred embodiments may, in one alternative, merely displaymarket information without providing any manner for submitting orders.In addition, the invention is not limited to embodiments in which theuser must click within the bid/ask quantity regions, but can provide forother regions or areas of the display in which the user can click tosubmit orders.

Returning to FIG. 2, the graphical user interface 200 optionallyprovides the trader with an indication of the trader's current position.In particular, the graphical user interface 200 includes a firsttradeable object position indicator 224, a second tradeable objectposition indicator 226 and a net position indicator 228. The firsttradeable object position indicator 224 indicates the quantity of thefirst tradeable object (in this example “CBT”) that the trader hasbought or sold, and the second tradeable object position indicator 226provides the same information for the second tradeable object (in thiscase “BT”). In the example of FIG. 2, the trader is long 100 CBT andshort 227 BT, for a net short 127 position. Preferably, the trader maydefine a relationship among the tradeable object position indicators fordetermining the net position.

Although described with reference to a graphical user interface fortrading two tradeable objects, the graphical user interface 200 may beextended to trade more than two tradeable objects, for example byadding, for each additional tradeable object, a corresponding bidquantity region, ask quantity region, working quantity region, an orderconfiguration area, and a tradeable object position indicator. Ofcourse, if the interface is not to be used for order entry, then theworking quantity region and the order configuration area need not bedisplayed. Depending on the tradeable object, a tradeable object offsetmay also need to be defined.

In an alternative embodiment, market information regarding multipletradeable objects may be consolidated for display. Price consolidationis described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/971,087, entitled,“Click Based Trading With Intuitive Grid Display of Market Depth AndPrice Consolidation,” filed on Oct. 5, 2001, the content of which isincorporated herein by reference. In cases where price is representedalong a vertical axis, price consolidation may be thought of in terms ofthe vertical consolidation of the axis, where multiple price levels arecondensed into a single price level.

In accordance with this alternative embodiment, consolidation may beapplied to other market information, such as quantities associated withtwo or more of the multiple tradeable objects. In this case, however,the consolidation takes effect across quantity cells. For example, twoor more of the quantity regions, such as the regions 208, 210, 214 and216 in FIG. 2 may be combined. Specifically, if two tradeable objectsare being traded and the bid quantities are displayed in columns, thetwo bid quantity columns may be consolidated into a single bid quantitycolumn. This approach is particularly advantageous in cases where themultiple tradeable objects are actually the same underlying products butthey are being traded at different host exchanges.

It is to be understood that this alternative embodiment includingconsolidated market information is not limited to use in a graphicaluser interface that includes a static axis representing price or value.To the contrary, it may be implemented in a wide variety of graphicaluser interfaces, which may either include or not include a static axisrepresenting price or value.

FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the graphical user interface ofFIG. 2 in which market information, in this case the bid and askquantities, is consolidated. In the user interface 300 of FIG. 3, thebid quantity region 208 and the bid quantity region 214 from FIG. 2 arecombined into a consolidated bid quantity region 302. In the illustratedexample, the combined bid quantity region 302 is a vertical column thatis displayed in association with a price axis 304, although as notedabove the display of the price axis 304 is optional. Similarly, the askquantity regions 210 and 216 from FIG. 2 are combined into aconsolidated ask quantity region 306.

Preferably, the user has the option of viewing the market information inconsolidated form, as illustrated in FIG. 3, or as distinct markets, asillustrated in FIG. 2. In other words, one variation of this alternativeembodiment is a graphical user interface that is capable of switchingbetween the form shown in FIG. 2 and the form shown in FIG. 3 based on auser input.

In the consolidated market information display of FIG. 3, as well as theuser interface shown in FIG. 2, color may be used to provide additionalinformation to the user. For example, in the consolidated display,quantities that represent combined markets from two or more hostexchanges may be presented in a first color, whereas quantities that areavailable at only one of the host exchanges may be presented in adifferent color. In accordance with a preferred alternative, anindicator is activated when the markets for the tradeable objects cross.For example, color, highlighting or a different font may be used toindicate that the markets are crossed at a particular price level,thereby drawing the trader's attention to that particular marketinformation. This technique may be used with a graphical user interfaceof the type shown in FIG. 2 as well as with the consolidated userinterface of FIG. 3.

For the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the interface 300 supports ordersubmission. It should be understood, however, that the preferredembodiments are not limited to interfaces that support order submission,but rather encompass interfaces that merely display market information.When the market information is consolidated, as illustrated in FIG. 3,the trading application supporting the client device preferably handlesthe routing of orders entered in a consolidated field, such as aconsolidated bid quantity field or a consolidated ask quantity field.Orders may be entered using a mouse or other pointing device, asdescribed above, or in any other manner. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of aprocess 400 to route orders entered using the graphical user interfaceof FIG. 3.

Preferably, the user may designate a preference to send orders to afavored market. For example, the user may prioritize or rank, using adrop down menu or dialog window, the host exchanges at which thetradeable objects associated with the consolidated market informationare traded. Many factors may influence a user's routing preference. Forexample, routing decisions may be made based on the exchanges' clearingand/or transaction costs or margin requirements. Other factors mayinclude the length of the order queue at the desired price, the age ofthe most recent price and/or quantity update, or the time required for auser's order to reach the host exchanges (also referred to as networklatency or connection speed). Of course, other factors may alternativelybe used to make routing decisions.

Orders may then be routed based on the ranking. Alternatively, thetrader may define ratios for the host exchanges, and orders route inaccordance with the defined ratio applied to the total order quantity.As a further alternative, the trading application may route the ordersautomatically, such as by randomly selecting a host exchange, routingthe order to the host exchange that sent the most recent update, routingthe order to the exchange with the lowest transaction costs, orselecting the host exchange with the shortest order queue at the orderprice or the lowest network latency. These automatic routing parametersare preferably selectable by the trader, such as through a drop downmenu or a dialog window.

In another alternative, the trader may indicate routing instructionsthrough an input device on an order-by-order basis. For example, wherethe input device is a mouse, the right click may be assigned to routeorders to a first host exchange and the left click may be assigned toroute orders to a second host exchange. In yet another alternative,routing preferences may be incorporated directly into the userinterface. For example, an offset, such as the offsets 220 and 222 shownin FIG. 2, may incorporate clearing and/or transaction costs of thecorresponding host exchange. It is to be understood, however, that thepreferred embodiments are not limited to any particular manner ofselecting or inputting routing parameters, and the routing techniquesdescribed herein are optional rather than required.

Returning to FIG. 4, the process 400 begins at step 402 when a traderenters an order in a consolidated field. Next, the process 400determines, at step 404, whether a user, such as the trader or anadministrator, has defined routing parameters. If the user has definedrouting parameters, the process 400 proceeds to step 406, where theorder is routed in accordance with the user-defined parameters. As notedin the preceding examples, the user or trader may rank the hostexchanges such that orders entered in consolidated fields are routed tothe highest ranking host exchange at which the tradeable object istraded. Alternatively, the user or trader may define a ratio for eachhost exchange at which the tradeable objects are traded, and the ordersroute in accordance with the defined ratio applied to the total orderquantity. After the order is routed, the process 400 returns, at step408, to a ready state for entry of the next order.

If, on the other hand, there are no user defined routing parameters,then the process 400 proceeds to step 410. At step 410, automaticrouting parameters are applied to the order. As noted in the precedingexamples, the automatic routing parameters may dictate that the order berouted by randomly selecting a host exchange, routing the order to thehost exchange that sent the most recent update, selecting the hostexchange with the shortest order queue at the order price, etc.

Illustrative Application for the Multiple Tradeable Object GraphicalUser Interface

An illustrative application for the multiple tradeable object graphicaluser interface is set forth below. This illustration is not intended tobe exhaustive, but rather to highlight some of the benefits andadvantages associated with the preferred embodiments. One of theadvantages of the multiple tradeable object graphical user interfacesdescribed herein is that they provide, in a single window, a moreaccurate picture of the entire market for related tradeable objects.Applications in addition to those set forth below will no doubt becomeapparent to those skilled in the art upon reviewing this detaileddescription.

For certain trading strategies, a trader may want to trade the sametradeable object on two different exchanges. For example, a trader maywant to simultaneously trade the 10Y Note future through the ChicagoBoard of Trade (CBOT) and the 10Y Note future through Brokertec. Forthis example, quantity consolidation, as described above, may also bebeneficial because it provides the trader with a more complete pictureof the entire market for this tradeable object.

As a numerical example, assume that tradeable object 1 and tradeableobject 2 are the same tradeable object, but they are traded throughdifferent host exchanges. Because the different host exchanges providemarkets for the same tradeable object, however, the prices of tradeableobject 1 and tradeable object 2 are almost always the same. At a time,t, the markets provided by the two host exchanges are the same, bothbid-ask 30-30.5. At a later time, t+1, the markets momentarily diverge:the first host exchange offers a market in tradeable object 1 at29.5-30, while the second host exchange offers a market in tradeableobject 2 at 30-30.5. The divergence will be readily obvious to thetrader using the multiple tradeable object graphical user interfacedescribed above because the bid and ask quantities for tradeable object1 and tradeable object 2 are displayed side-by-side.

In addition, the indicators representing quantities to buy or sell atthe price 30 (in this example) may be highlighted on the display. Thehighlighting of the divergence of the markets for tradeable object 1 andtradeable object 2 may be useful information for a trader. Traders mayuse this information differently depending on their personal tradingstrategies. For example, if a trader is looking to fill one leg of aspread by buying a 10Y Note future, the trader can use the informationfrom the multiple market display to find the best price. Another exampleis a situation where a trader is looking for arbitrage opportunities—themultiple market display readily illustrates when the markets diverge.

Other illustrative applications for the multiple tradeable objectgraphical user interface include trading fungible products, basistrading and/or tradeable objects which the trader believes have acertain relationship. Those skilled in the art will recognize, uponreading this detailed description, other applications as well. Themultiple tradeable object graphical user interface embodiments describedherein may be used to trade any group of tradeable objects in which arelationship among the objects can be defined.

Trading Using a Multiple Tradeable Object Graphical User Interface

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a preferred method 500 for trading two or moretradeable objects using the graphical user interface of FIG. 2. At step502, market information regarding multiple tradeable objects isreceived. In accordance with the terminology used herein, a tradeableobject that is traded at more than one host exchange may be consideredmultiple tradeable objects, where each individual tradeable objectcorresponds to the tradeable object as it is traded at a particular hostexchange. The network architecture of FIG. 1, for example, may be usedto obtain market information from one or more host exchanges. Of course,other network topologies may alternatively be used. The marketinformation preferably includes market depth in addition to the insidemarket. It may also include a last traded price and quantity, and/or atotal traded quantity.

At step 504, the method receives a tradeable object selection from theuser. The tradeable object selection includes an identification of twoor more tradeable objects that the user desires to trade. For thegreatest advantage, the selected tradeable objects should be related,for example as described in the Examples set forth above.

The method proceeds to step 506, where market information for the userselected tradeable objects is presented to the user. In accordance witha preferred embodiment of the method, the market information ispresented on a display to the user by associating the market informationfor the selected tradeable objects with a single static price axis.Preferably, the market information is presented on an interactive userinterface. In one embodiment, the presentation of market informationincludes bid and ask quantities for each selected tradeable object thatare dynamically displayed in association with the static price axis, asillustrated for example in FIG. 2. In another embodiment, the marketinformation may be consolidated, as illustrated for example in FIG. 3.In addition to market information from the host exchanges, the userinterface preferably displays working orders to the user and alsoprovides order entry functionality.

Preferably, the method further includes, at step 508, receiving ordersfrom the user regarding the selected tradeable objects. As describedabove, a user may place orders using the interface by clicking, usingfor example a mouse or other pointing device, in the quantity regions(or any region or area of the display designated for order entry) at theappropriate price level. At step 510, the user's orders are routed toone or more host exchanges. Where one or more of the market informationfields are consolidated, orders may be routed automatically or inaccordance with user preferences, as described above.

It should be understood that the programs, processes, methods andapparatus described herein are not related or limited to any particulartype of computer or network apparatus (hardware or software), unlessindicated otherwise. Various types of general purpose or specializedcomputer apparatus may be used with or perform operations in accordancewith the teachings described herein. While various elements of thepreferred embodiments have been described as being implemented insoftware, in other embodiments hardware or firmware implementations mayalternatively be used, and vice-versa.

In view of the wide variety of embodiments to which the principles ofthe present invention can be applied, it should be understood that theillustrated embodiments are examples only, and should not be taken aslimiting the scope of the present invention. For example, the steps ofthe flow diagrams may be taken in sequences other than those described,and more, fewer or other elements may be used in the block diagrams.

The claims should not be read as limited to the described order orelements unless stated to that effect. Thus, all variations that comewithin the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalentsthereto are claimed as the invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An electronic trading device comprising: anelectronic monitor configured to display a plurality of axially alignedprice levels, where each level of the plurality of displayed axiallyaligned price levels represents a combined value to trade a firsttradeable object and a second tradeable object, where an underlyingproduct of the second tradeable object is different from an underlyingproduct of the first tradeable object, and where each combined value ofthe plurality of displayed axially aligned price levels is derived fromat least market data for the first tradeable object and market data forthe second tradeable object; a user input coupled with the electronicmonitor and configured to receive a user-selection of an order entrylocation to submit a first trade order for the first tradeable objectand a second trade order for the second tradeable object to at least oneelectronic exchange, the order entry location corresponding to at leastone axially aligned price level of the plurality of displayed axiallyaligned price levels; and an electronic processor coupled with theelectronic monitor and the user input and configured to initiatesubmission of both the first trade order for the first tradeable objectand the second trade order for the second tradeable object in responseto receiving the user-selection of the order entry location, and wherein response to receiving the user-selection of the order entry location,a user-selected order quantity is allocated between the first tradeorder for the first tradeable object and the second trade order for thesecond tradeable object according to a quantity allocation rule.
 2. Theelectronic trading device of claim 1 where the quantity allocation rulecomprises at least one of a user-defined rule, a ratio, and an exchangerelated parameter.
 3. The electronic trading device of claim 2 where theexchange related parameter comprises a length of an order queue at aprice of the trade order at the at least one electronic exchange.
 4. Theelectronic trading device of claim 1 where the quantity allocation rulecomprises a quantity allocation rule that is based on a user-relatedparameter.
 5. The electronic trading device of claim 4 where theuser-related parameter is based on a margin.
 6. The electronic tradingdevice of claim 1 where the quantity allocation rule is selected basedon time-of-day.
 7. The electronic trading device of claim 1 where thequantity allocation rule is selected based on a type of command receivedto send the trade order.
 8. The electronic trading device of claim 1further comprising dynamically displaying a combined quantity indicatoralong the plurality of axially aligned price levels, where the combinedquantity indicator represents any of a buy quantity for the firsttradeable object and for the second tradeable object and an ask quantityfor the first tradeable object and for the second tradeable object. 9.The electronic trading device of claim 1 where the user input comprisesa mouse.
 10. The electronic trading device of claim 1 where a firstclick of a mouse corresponds to a command to send the trade order forthe first tradeable object, and where a second click of the mousecorresponds to a command to send the trade order for the secondtradeable object, the first click being different than the second click.11. The electronic trading device of claim 1 further comprisingreceiving the user-selection of the order entry location via a singleaction of a user input device.
 12. The electronic trading device ofclaim 11 where the single action consists of a single click of a mouse.13. The electronic trading device of claim 11 where the single actionconsists of a double-click of a mouse.
 14. The electronic trading deviceof claim 2 where the exchange related parameter comprises a timeassociated with routing an order to the at least one electronicexchange.
 15. The electronic trading device of claim 2 where theexchange related parameter comprises transaction costs.
 16. Theelectronic trading device of claim 2 where the exchange relatedparameter comprises a time of a last update received from an electronicexchange.